石油(油库)知识——阀门
阀门
一、阀门的类型代号
阀门类型代号用汉语拼音字母表示。
代号类型Z闸阀J截止阀Q球阀D蝶阀H止回阀A安全阀Y减压阀
通过阀门上标注的型号可以在阀门手册上查得阀门的类型、传动方式、连接形式、结构形式、阀座密封面或衬里材料、公称压力、阀体材料。
二、油库常用阀门的构造、用途
(1)闸阀
闸板在阀杆的带动下,沿阀座密封面作相对运动而达到开闭的阀门叫做闸阀,闸阀具有许多优点,但开闭时间长,开闭时密封面易被损失,主要用于管路的截流。
(2)截止阀
其外壳是一个内有隔板的三通管。阀杆穿过紧密固定在阀壳上的阀盖,阀杆周围用填料加以密封。阀杆下端固定有阀瓣,阀门关闭时,阀瓣就紧密地压在阀座的密封面上截止阀安装具有方向性,介质从阀瓣下部导入。
(3)球阀
利用球体绕自身轴线旋转而开闭通道的阀门叫球阀。球阀特点:开闭迅速,操作方便、结构简单、流阻小、密封性能较好。主要用于管路介质切断,球阀安装一部分具有方向性。
(4)蝶阀
蝶阀在阀体内绕固定轴旋转达到开闭或调节的阀门叫蝶阀。蝶阀特点:结构简单、体积小、开半闭迅速、省力和具有调节能力。应用于切断和开闭呈圆盘形称蝶板,密封形式有密封型(切断用),非密封型(节流)
(5)止回阀
阀瓣能依靠自重或介质的力量自动防止介质倒流的阀门叫做止回阀,也叫单向阀。止回阀特点:结构比较简单,没有传动装置,也没有填料函密封机构。有升降式和施启式止回阀,阀体外均铸有流向标记,安装必须正确。
(6)气动调节阀
以压缩空气为动力来调节介质流通量的阀门叫气动阀。
气动阀工作原理:调节阀在无气压信号输入时,阀瓣在弹簧力作用下处于开启或关闭状态。当压缩空气进入气动驱动机构后,在阀杆上产生一个与弹簧弹力相反的作用力,推动阀杆开始移动,并带动阀瓣动作,直到压缩空气时阀杆的作用力与弹簧弹力平衡,阀瓣稳定在某一位置。
根据气动执行机构的动作,气动调节阀可分为气开式和气关式两种。气动阀由于调节性能较好,又可作远距离自动控制。
(7)紧急切断阀
紧急切断阀地重要的防护装置,在贮罐气相接管处和液相出口接管处必须安装紧急切断阀。罐区内若出现管道折损、阀门破裂、运行失误或发生火灾时,为防止贮罐内液化气大量泄漏和由此而引发的事故发生,则通过远离贮罐的控制开头,关闭紧急切断阀,也可通过易爆金属自动切断。
- 上一篇:石油焦的用途
- 下一篇:石油(油库)知识——机泵

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