硫化氢理化特性和毒理作用--杨远锋的博客

硫化氢理化特性和毒理作用

[ 2011-7-6 15:07:00 | By: 杨远锋 ]

1. 物理与化学特性

    硫化氢是可燃性无色气体，具有典型的臭鸡蛋味，相对分子质量34．08，对空气的相对密度1.19，熔点－82.9℃，沸点－60.3℃，易溶于水，20℃时2.9体积气体溶于1体积水中，亦溶于醇类、二硫化碳、石油溶剂和原油中。20℃时蒸气压为1874.5kPa，空气中爆炸极限为4.3％~45.5％（体积比），自燃温度260℃，它在空气中的最终氧化产物为硫酸和（或）硫酸根阴离子。

2. 毒理作用

    硫化氢是强烈的神经毒物，对粘膜亦有明显的刺激作用。
    2.1 急性毒性：较低浓度，即可引起呼吸道及眼粘膜的局部刺激作用；浓度愈高，全身性作用愈明显，表现为中枢神经系统症状和窒息症状。硫化氢对人体的危害见表1。
    2.2 慢性毒性：长期低浓度接触硫化氢会引起结膜炎和角膜损害。
    2.3 中毒机理：硫化氢在水溶液中可离解成HS-、S2-和H+离子。在生理pH作用下，体内硫化氢总量的2/3离解成HS-离子，约1/3为未离解的氢硫酸（Ｈ2Ｓ），仅很少量离解成S2-，它们都具有局部刺激作用。硫化氢可与组织中碱性物质结合形成硫化钠，也具有腐蚀性，从而造成眼和呼吸道的损害。硫化氢主要经呼吸道进入人体内，在体内的游离硫化氢和硫化物来不及氧化时，使中枢神经麻痹，引起全身中毒反应。

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原创

[ 2016-9-6 17:11:27 | By: 原创(游客) ]

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原创

[ 2016-9-28 16:47:04 | By: 原创(游客) ]

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原创

[ 2016-9-30 11:23:48 | By: 原创(游客) ]

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