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预防硫化氢中毒小常识 | 2013-7-23 9:02:00
预防硫化氢中毒小常识
每年的3月—10月为硫化氢中毒事故高发期,预防工作尤为重要。
性状及物理特性:硫化氢为无色气体,有臭鸡蛋味,易挥发,燃烧时可产生蓝色火焰。化学式H2S。相对密度1.19g/L,比空气重。易溶于水,亦溶于醇类、石油溶剂和原油中。
侵入途径:硫化氢主要经呼吸道吸收,皮肤吸收甚慢。硫化氢是含硫有机物分解或金属硫化物与酸作用而产生的一种气体,常出现在造纸、制革、食品加工(蔬菜腌制)、环卫、市政工程等,此外,腌菜池、沼气池、地窖或疏通下水道、阴沟、隧道,以及在某些化工生产过程中有硫化氢气体产生。
中毒症状:急性中毒时局部刺激症状为流泪、眼部烧灼疼痛、剧烈的咳嗽,胸部胀闷,恶心呕吐,头晕、头痛,随着中毒加重,出现呼吸困难,心慌,甚至引起抽搐;最后陷入昏迷、人事不省、全身青紫,进而因呼吸麻痹而死亡。吸入高浓度的硫化氢,只需15分钟便可使人立即陷入昏迷,发生闪电型死亡。
急救:迅速将中毒者抬离中毒现场,移至空气新鲜通风良好处,脱去污染衣物,吸入氧气;对呼吸、心跳停止者,立即进行胸外心脏按压及人工呼吸(忌用口对口人工呼吸,万不得已时与病人间隔数层水湿的纱布),并迅速送附近医院。
预防措施:在可能有硫化氢产生的场所作业时,必须由有资质、经过安全培训的专业队伍或人员作业,并穿戴空气呼吸器和防毒衣安全防护,有专人监护和监测、制定现场安全作业规程。有人中毒被困时,必须做好安全防护保障情况下进行施救,千万不要盲目施救。产权单位要健全安全管理制度、应急救援预案和操作规程,设警示标志,加强日常管理,严防中毒事故发生。
- 上一篇:如何预防高温和噪声的危害?
- 下一篇:双氧水

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