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水力发电厂有几种类型?各有什么特点? | 2012-2-16 16:12:00
水力发电厂有几种类型?各有什么特点?
水力发电厂是把水的势能和动能转变成电能。根据水力枢纽布置不同,主要可分为堤坝式、引水式、抽水蓄能水电厂等。
1、堤坝式水电厂:在河床上游修建拦河坝,将水积蓄起来,抬高上游水位,形成发电水头的方式称为堤坝式,堤坝式水电厂又可分为坝后式、河床式及混合式水电厂等。 ①
坝后式水电厂,这种水电厂的厂房建筑在坝的后面,全部水头由坝体承受,水库的水由压力水管引入厂房,转动水轮发电机组发电。坝后式水电厂适合于高、中水头的情况。 ②
河床式水电厂,这种水电厂的厂房和挡水坝联成一体,厂房也起挡水作用,因修建在河床中,故名河床式。河床式水电厂水头一般在20~30 M以下。
③混合式水电厂,引水与大坝混合使用获得落差发电;
2、引水式水电厂:水电厂建筑在山区水流湍急的河道上或河床坡度较陡的地方,由引水渠道造成水头,一般不需修坝或只修低堰。
3、抽水蓄能水电厂,具有上池(上部蓄水库)和下池(下部蓄水库),在低谷负荷时水轮发电机组可变为水泵工况运行,将下池水抽到上池储蓄起来,在高峰负荷时水轮发电机组可变为发电工况运行,利用上池的蓄水发电。
- 上一篇:发电厂保厂用电的措施主要有哪些?
- 下一篇:核电站为了防止核泄漏设有哪几道屏障?

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