石油化工基础知识（三）--qsf999的安全生产小屋

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石油化工基础知识（三） | 2011-10-25 15:17:00

石油化工基础知识（三）

酚精炼及在炼厂中的地位
　　目的是除去润滑油中非理想组分、提高油品的抗氧化安定性，改善油品的粘温性能和色度，降低酸值和残炭值。地位：酚精制是润滑油生产的一个重要生产工序。从蒸馏来的减压二、三、四线和丙烷脱沥青来的残渣油料，首先经过酚精炼、然后经脱蜡，补充精制，调合生产成品润油油。因此，酚精炼在炼厂的润滑油生产中占有很重要的地位。
流体的流量与流速种类
　　流体的流量和流速，可分为质量流量、质量流速与体积流量、体积流速两种。质量流量是，单位时间内流过管道或设备的任一截面上的流体质量。质量流量通常用符号G表示，单位为kg/s。体积流量是，单位时间内流过管道或设备的任一截面上的流体体积。体积流量通常用符号V表示，单位为m3/s。质量流速是，单位时间内，管道或设备的单位截面上流过的流体质量。通常用符号WG表示，单位为kg/s?m2。体积流速是，单位时间内，管道或设备的单位截面流过的流体体积。体积流速通常用符号WV表示，单位为m3/s?m2或m/s。
重度、密度、比重
　　单位体积的物料所具有的重量，称为重度，单位：kg/m3。单位体积内所具有的物质质量称为密度，单位：g/cm3。比重是指物质的重量与同体积的纯水在4℃时的重量之比。液体比重是指相同体积的液体重量与水的重量之比，是一没有单位的数值。
粘度
　　流体在流动时，相邻流体层间存在着相对运动，则该两流体层间会产生摩擦阻力，称为粘滞力。粘度是用来衡量粘滞力大小的一个物性数据。粘度有动力粘度，其单位：帕斯卡秒(Pa?s)；运动粘度是在工程计算中，物质的动力粘度与其密度之比，其单位为：(m2/s)。在石油工业中还使用"恩氏粘度"，它不是上面介绍的粘度概念。而是流体在恩格拉粘度中直接测定的读数。
当前车用汽油牌号
　　90#、93#和97#三个牌号，仍保留70#老牌号。汽车的压缩比为7.0以下的东风、解放等老式汽车用70#车用汽油。汽车的压缩比在7.0以上的新式汽车如：桑塔那、奥迪、解放CA141、跃进NJG131等小轿车用90#汽油。
含铅汽油的毒性
　　四乙基铅有强烈的毒性，它通过皮肤、呼吸道或食道进入人体并不易排出，积累一定程度就有中毒现象，轻度引起失眠、恶心、头痛、血压降低等，严重时会导致死亡。
当前柴油的品级和牌号
　　有优级品、一级品、合格品。牌号有10#、0#-10#、-20#、-35#、-50#。
企业能量平衡技术指标
　　主要有4项技术指标：1）单位能耗：单位产量或单位产值的某种能源消耗量；2）单位综合能耗：单位产量或单位产值的综合能耗量，以吨标准煤/t、t标准煤/×104 m或吨标准/×104 元表示；3）设备效率：有效能量/供给能量×100%；4）企业能源利用：企业有效利用能量/企业总综合能耗量×100% 。

By:qsf999 | 阅读全文 | 回复(16) | 引用通告 | 编辑

Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-2-20 15:47:43

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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2017-2-17 22:48:08

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By:dsxzc(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复

Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 18:12:38

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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-22 9:14:55

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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-21 13:51:59

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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-19 21:59:38

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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-18 18:21:34

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Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-17 18:33:36

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By:chjnr(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复

原创 | 2016-9-30 16:00:10

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By:原创(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复

原创 | 2016-9-28 21:16:54

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By:原创(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复

原创 | 2016-9-6 21:42:40

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