矿井雨季防治水知识
一、在巷道出现挂红、挂汗、煤岩松软、淋头水加大等情况下掘进打眼时,如果出现来压或钻孔中水压、水量突然增大,必须停止打眼,严禁拔出钻杆,现场人员应立即向地面报告。如果发生危急情况时,必须立即撤出所有受水威胁地区的人员,然后采取措施,进行处理。
二、在可能存在积水的区域进行作业时,应采取的安全措施主要包括:
(一)放炮时,躲炮时间延长到至少30分钟以上,等待响炮地点稳定后,判明是否有水流,方可进行其他作业。
(二)放炮躲炮时,人员应站在不被水流冲击威胁的地方,防止响炮后采空区积水突然涌出,危及人员的安全。
(三)交接班时,上一班不能在溜煤道上留有存煤,防止在交接班过程中,存煤被渗透出来的水流泥化、软化,形成水煤泥,在下一班作业人员放煤时造成水煤泥涌人事故。
三、在作业过程中,需要探放水的情况主要有:(1)遇到可能积水的老空窑和本矿采空区;(2)遇到上水平大巷时,应防止与大巷水沟打透;(3)遇到钻孔时,应探明钻孔是否有积水或与其它积水区相通。
探水前,要分析查明采空区或老窑的空间位置、积水量和水压。探放水时,要撤出探放水点部位受水害威胁区域的所有人员;探放水孔必须打透老空水体,并要监视放水全过程,直到老空水放完为止。探放水时,要认真检查瓦斯或其他有害气体,确保探放水安全进行。
在距离采空区或大巷20米左右时,应由技术部门或技术人员制定探水措施,开始探水。探水时,每打完一组探水孔,应由探放水负责人和技术部门共同确定下一步巷道掘进长度,一般规定是探5米,掘进1米。
四、雨季前,要对矿井排水设备和供电设施进行一次全面检修,清挖水仓、水沟和沉淀池,开展一次联合排水试验。要配备与矿井涌水量相匹配的水仓、水泵、输电线路(双路)等设施,确保矿井正常排水,并满足最大涌水量的排水需求。
煤矿位于地表河流、山洪部位等附近,井口、工业广场要修筑堤坝、开挖沟渠等截流设施,防止地表水体倒灌矿井。
地表水体、采煤塌陷区、煤系地层露头等部位有漏水现象时,要对漏水的水体基底进行防漏加固处理。
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