尾矿库安全度如何划分
尾矿库安全度主要根据尾矿库防洪能力和尾矿坝坝体稳定性确定,分为危库、险库、病库、正常库四级。
危库
危库指安全没有保障,随时可能发生垮坝事故的尾矿库。危库必须停止生产并采取应急措施。
当尾矿库防洪能力严重不足,出现洪水漫顶可能,或坝体稳定性严重不足,出现垮坝迹象,或出现其他严重危及尾矿库安全运行时都属于危库。危库完全不具备安全生产的基本条件,必须停产,排除险情,并迅速向安全生产监督管理部门和当地政府报告,启动相应的应急预案,根据险情的实际可采取以下应急措施:
1、立即降低库水位,扩大调洪库容,加高坝体,严防洪水漫顶;
2、为满足汛期最小安全超高和最小干滩长度的要求,必要时,可按最小干滩长度为坝顶宽度,用渠槽法抢筑宽顶子坝,以形成所需的安全超高和干滩长度;
3、疏通、加固或修复排水构筑物,必要时可另开挖临时排洪通道;
4、紧急加固坝体。
险库
险库指安全设施存在严重隐患,若不及时处理将会导致垮坝事故的尾矿库。险库必须立即停产,排除险情。
当尾矿库排洪系统存在严重隐患,防洪能力不足,或坝体存在严重隐患,威胁坝体安全稳定性时都属于险库。险库不具备安全生产的基本条件,应根据险情实际,采取措施,排除险情。
1、降低库水位,扩大调洪库容,满足汛期最小安全超高和最小干滩长度的要求;
2、疏通、加固或修复排水构筑物;
3、增建或扩建排水系统;
4、处理滑坡,加固坝体;
5、降低浸润线、消除管涌和流土。
病库
病库指安全设施不完全符合设计规定,但符合基本安全生产条件的尾矿库。病库应限期整改。
病库是指坝体稳定性和尾矿库防洪能力总体上能满足要求,但局部上不完全符合规定,不影响尾矿库总体安全。对于病库,应采取以下措施在限定的时间内按照正常库标准进行整治,消除事故隐患:
1、抓紧进行防洪治理,确保汛前彻底完成治理工作量;
2、加固、修复排水构筑物;
3、加固坝体或适当削坡,处理局部裂缝;
4、实施降水措施降低浸润线,消除管涌和流土;
5、修整坝坡,开挖坝肩截水沟。
正常库
尾矿库同时满足下列工况的为正常库:
a)尾矿库在设计洪水位时能同时满足设计规定的安全超高和最小干滩长度的要求;
b)排水系统各构筑物符合设计要求,工况正常;
c)尾矿坝的轮廓尺寸符合设计要求,稳定安全系数满足设计要求;
d)坝体渗流控制满足要求,运行工况正常。
正常库应运行工况正常、管理规范、资料齐全,完全具备安全生产条件,按规定每3~5年进行一次安全现状评价。
- 上一篇:煤矿安全常识
- 下一篇:尾矿库的安全注意事项

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