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哈顿矩阵模型 | 2012-12-24 16:47:00
|
因 素 | |||
阶 段 |
人员 |
车辆和设备 |
环境 | |
碰撞前 |
防止碰撞 |
信息 态度 损伤 交警执法力度 |
车辆性能 照明 制动 速度管理 |
道路设计和道路布局 速度限制 行人装备 |
碰撞时 |
在碰撞时防止受伤 |
固定装置的使用 损伤 |
成员固定系统 其他安全装置 防碰撞设计 |
道路两侧防碰撞物体 |
碰撞后 |
生命支持 |
急救技术 获得医疗救助 |
容易进入车内 起火的危险 |
救援设施 交通阻塞 |
在20世纪70年代,美国人WILLIAMHADDON提出了著名的“哈顿矩阵模型”, 将道路交通描述为一个设计得不好的“人造机器”系统,需要对它全面系统地进行“治疗”。 “哈顿矩阵模型”阐述了在机动车发生碰撞前、碰撞时和碰撞后的三个阶段中互相作用的三要素:人、车和环境。该矩阵构成了系统动力学模型,矩阵中每一个格都有机会采取干预措施,减少道路交通危害的发生与程度。哈顿模型加深了人们对行为、道路和车辆三方面因素对交通安全影响的认识。世界各国重视危险因素的研究,并据此制定相应的干预措施在道路交通系统中,危险由4种因素构成:①暴露的机会;②在特定暴露条件下发生碰撞的潜在概率;③发生碰撞后造成损伤的概率;④伤害的转归。

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